Abstract:
In Taiwan, the age of over 40 people over the age of about 20% suffering from hypertension, increased with age, hypertension patients are more and more. At the beginning of the pathogenesis of hypertension often no obvious symptoms. Wait until the event of complications, such as: stroke, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, renal failure or retinal hemorrhage, life and health has been seriously threatened. Clinically, the mechanism of hypertension can be divided into two rough categories: those with obvious causes, such as kidney abnormalities, vascular abnormalities, or in endocrine abnormalities caused by hypertension, known as "secondary hypertension." Less than one-tenth of the patients with hypertension are such. Second was no obvious cause of high blood pressure, patients often have a family history, the merger blood sugar and uric acid increased, and therefore considered to be genetic. Physical and environmental factors, were referred to as "the state of hypertension." Such patients of all hypertensive patients more than 90 percent. Require long-term medication to control blood pressure continued. As the elderly formed human natural ageing vessel wall hardening, but also makes vascular wall elasticity and high blood pressure lose, the so-called "senile hypertension" is characterized by significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure remained normal. In the treatment of hypertension, except for a handful of radical surgery can be "secondary hypertension", the majority of hypertensive patients need more or less drug control. In fact, through the adjustment of lifestyle and diet changes, coupled with the appropriate amount of drugs can effectively control blood pressure, and to prevent complications and to reduce the harm caused.
:
According to statistics, Taiwan, aged more than 40 people over the age of about 20% suffering from hypertension, increased with age, hypertension patients are more and more. In these patients, only about one-fifth of regular medication control, and follow-up treatment in the hospitals and clinics. Another part of their own patients Although it is known that high blood pressure, but only in the uncomfortable situation of the body, such as severe headache, nausea, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, will purchase hypertension drug users or in a clinic to see one or two, wait until symptoms ease, although blood pressure is still high, but no longer continue to medication. In fact, the incidence of hypertension in the beginning, usually no obvious symptoms, therefore, more than half of patients do not know their own high blood pressure, not to mention the examination and treatment. Wait until the event of complications of hypertension, such as: stroke, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, renal failure or retinal hemorrhage, life and health has been a serious threat, then was too late. This is why high blood pressure was known as the "invisible killer" was the main reason.
The diagnosis of hypertension
For a 18-year-old more than normal, if your blood pressure is less than 130 / 85 mm Hg, can be inspected once every two years if less than 140 / 90 mm Hg, each year To check first. If your systolic blood pressure in 140 to 160 mm Hg between, it must within two months of the physician requested help you recheck, for two weeks if there are three or more times a sit-in at the high blood pressure (systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mm Hg, can be diagnosed with high blood pressure, must invite the specialized physicians (medical or heart) to assess you further examination and treatment.
The causes of hypertension
Clinically, the mechanism of hypertension can be divided into two rough categories: those with obvious causes, such as kidney abnormalities (such as: nephritis complications of kidney stones, renal cortical atrophy, etc.), vascular anomalies (such as: aortic stenosis, renal artery stenosis) or in endocrine abnormalities (such as: Health tumor or organ hyperthyroidism) caused by hypertension, commonly known as "secondary hypertension." Less than one-tenth of the patients with hypertension are such. Some of which can be used surgery or surgical treatment methods to remove the causes and there is no need medication to cure. Second was no obvious cause of high blood pressure, patients often have a family history, genetic and therefore considered to be relevant. On the other hand, these patients also have more opportunity to combine blood sugar and uric acid increased, and that has been physical and environmental factors, and not a single reason can be explained such patients to the pathogenesis of hypertension, so it is said "The state of hypertension." Clinically, all of these patients accounted for 90 per cent of patients with hypertension over. Require long-term medication to control blood pressure continued, but not radical.
Hypertension inspection
Generally speaking, "the state hypertension" Most of the onset of 40 years of age to 60 years of age, so when an age less than 40 years of age or greater than 60 years of age were found in the new hypertension, he suffering from the "secondary hypertension, "the likelihood of greatly increased, it needs a more complete examination, including renal function, urine test, limbs, blood pressure, kidney ultrasound, and with thyroid function, adrenal gland function, endocrine function assessment expect to be able to identify causes of radical indeed. If it is suddenly no obvious reasons, but also, and all clinical suspicion was "the state of hypertension" patients, chest x-ray to accept, ECG, renal function, urine test and, if necessary, fundus examination, further assessment of in the heart, kidneys and nervous system function, because these places are the main complications of hypertension, high blood pressure is caused disability and the leading cause of death.
Elderly hypertension
In the elderly aged 60 and above, due to the natural aging of a human blood vessel wall hardening, but also makes vascular wall elasticity and high blood pressure lose, the so-called "senile hypertension" is characterized by significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure remained normal . Since many clinical studies have confirmed that the increase of systolic blood pressure, especially the rapid increase of a stroke and there is a direct relationship between stability and maintaining normal blood pressure can reduce the incidence and prevention of stroke. Therefore, control of hypertension in the elderly of the best indicators as to the systolic pressure, that is to say systolic blood pressure must be at least maintained at less than 160 mm Hg (this value is the upper limit of normal), and is the standard blood pressure not more than 140 mm Hg and systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure. Maintaining stability in systolic blood pressure 120 to 140 mm Hg and can be effective in preventing, including stroke, myocardial hypertrophy, and other complications of hypertension.
Non-drug hypertension treatment
In the treatment of hypertension, except for a handful of radical surgery can be "secondary hypertension", the vast majority of hypertensive patients need more or less drug control. In recent years, through observation of patients with hypertension and found that life style and eating habits on hypertension control a considerable impact. We propose a hypertensive patients should do everything possible to maintain normal body weight (obesity will be required to reduce body weight), do regular exercise (preferably soft gymnastics, swimming, aerobic exercise), a decrease in the concentrations of sodium diet (eat less salt, MSG sauce stains and food), a balanced diet (adequate intake of potassium, calcium and magnesium ions), a decrease of food in the saturated fat and cholesterol content, quit smoking and drinking modest (less than an ounce a day of alcohol, a in the 24 ounce beer or an ounce of Rose Red 8).
Hypertension drug treatment
On hypertension medication, in the first line can be divided into diuretics, B adrenergic blocking agent, A adrenergic blockers, calcium channel blockers agents and vasopressin conversion overexpressed blocking agent five categories, Before the second category is the most common use. Because of various drugs have their own side effects and the use of attention to the matter, it must be in accordance with various physicians different hypertensive patients choose the most appropriate type of drug and treatment, not to call the shots without taking pharmacies filled. If a patient is taking three different blood pressure in hypertensive drug after the remains high. Would further examination to rule out the possibility of the hypertension.
At present the treatment of hypertension drugs with each passing day, with adequate living adjustment, effective control of blood pressure. Paying no attention to their own fear, do not care to all kinds of complications arising unconsciously, once the Huizhiwanxian attack, have hypertension patients, we recommend that you develop the habit of their own blood pressure, at least every two to three of a day, each 10 minutes after the sit-in the same arm in, and then measuring the results of even date, time be recorded in each of the out-patient, provided to the physician as a reference for diagnosis and treatment. In such patients and physicians work together, I believe that the harm can be reduced to at least hypertension.
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