What is the difference between complex carbohydrates and simple carbohydrates?

The terms simple and complex carbohydrates were originally coined to differentiate between sugary and starchy foods, based on the chemical structure of the carbohydrate they contained. Sugars were simple and starches were complex, simply because sugars were small molecules and starches were big. By virtue of their large size, it was assumed that complex carbohydrates were more slowly digested and absorbed, and caused a small and gradual rise in blood glucose levels. Sugars, on the other hand, were assumed to be digested rapidly, causing a large rise in blood glucose levels.

Complex carbohydrates are also used to describe starchy foods such as potatoes, bread, rice, pasta, legumes, and breakfast cereals. Simple carbohydrates refers to sugars, as found in soft drinks, candy, ice-cream, cookies, cakes, and fruit.

What effect do medications have on blood glucose levels?

Diabetes medications work to lower blood glucose levels. There are many types available. Other medications can also affect the body's blood glucose control. Whenever your doctor prescribes new medications and you have diabetes, it is worthwhile asking "how will this affect my blood glucose level?" Monitor your blood glucose levels more closely when you change the type or dosage of your medication

Common drugs which may increase your blood glucose levels:
  • Beta blockers
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • Furosemide
  • Thiazide diuretics
  • Corticosteriods

Common drugs which may decrease your blood glucose levels.
  • angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
  • Alpha blockers
  • Estrogen (high dose)
  • Fibric acid derivatives (clofibrate)
  • Anabolic steroids
  • Salicylates (high dose)